???.?.??

Human immunodeficiency virus
	Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 (in green) budding from cultured lymphocyte. Multiple round bumps on cell surface represent sites of assembly and budding of virions.
??????? ?????????
????:	Group VI (ssRNA-RT)
?????????:	Retroviridae
???????:	Lentivirus
Species
	Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2;

	HIV; Classification and external resources
	The Red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.
?.??.??.-10	B20-B24
?.??.??.-9	042-044
OMIM	609423
MedlinePlus	000602
?????????	article/783434
MeSH	D006678

百度还是那句话，其实做什么并不重要，关键是怎样做，和做的态度。

???.?.?? ?????? ???? ?????????????????? ????????? (HIV - human immunodeficiency virus) ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? (retrovirus) ??? ?? ??????? (?????) ?????^[1]^[2]. ???? ????? ????????????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? (Immunity) ???????? ????????, ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????, ???? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????.

???? ???????? ??????, ??????????, ?????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???????: ???????????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????. ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????.

??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????^[3]^[4]. ??? ????? ????????????? 1981 ??? ????????????? 2006 ??? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? 25 ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????????^[5] ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? 0.6% ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????????^[5] 2005 ??? ??????? ??????? 2.4–3.3 ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????, ????? 570,000 ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????. ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? sub-sahara, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????^[6] ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? 90 ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???????????????????, ?????? ??????????? 18 ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ^[7].

??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????. ???? ???.?.?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ??????? ????????????????, ??????? ?????????????, ???? ?????????????? ????????????????? ????.????. ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????????. ???????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? "????? ?????? (Antiretroviral) ????? ??????????" ????? ?????????????????. ?????? ?????????? ???.?.?? ??????? ??????????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????, ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????^[8].

????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? "????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????.

????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????.

??? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ???? "????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????. ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????????????????.

???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????. ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????.

?????? ?????????????, ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????.

????? ???????????

↑ Weiss RA (May 1993). "How does HIV cause AIDS?". Science 260 (5112): 1273–9. doi:10.1126/science.8493571. ???????:8493571.
↑ Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA (2009). "Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS". Annu. Rev. Med. 60: 471–84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549. ???????:18947296.
↑ "CDC - HIV/AIDS - Resources - HIV Prevention in the United States at a Critical Crossroads". Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ "HIV and AIDS among Gay and Bisexual Men" (PDF). Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2006). "Overview of the global AIDS epidemic". 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. ISBN 9291734799. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ Greener, R. (2002). "AIDS and macroeconomic impact". In S, Forsyth (ed.) (ed.). State of The Art: AIDS and Economics. IAEN. pp. 49–55. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); |editor= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. "AIDS epidemic update, 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publishyear= ignored (help)
↑ Palella, F. J. Jr, Delaney, K. M., Moorman, A. C., Loveless, M. O., Fuhrer, J., Satten, G. A., Aschman and D. J., Holmberg, S. D. (1998). "Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators". N. Engl. J. Med 338 (13): 853–860. doi:10.1056/NEJM199803263381301. ???????:9516219.

[pmid8493571-1] Weiss RA (May 1993). "How does HIV cause AIDS?". Science 260 (5112): 1273–9. doi:10.1126/science.8493571. ???????:8493571.

[pmid18947296-2] Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA (2009). "Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS". Annu. Rev. Med. 60: 471–84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549. ???????:18947296.

[cdc1-3] "CDC - HIV/AIDS - Resources - HIV Prevention in the United States at a Critical Crossroads". Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[cdc2-4] "HIV and AIDS among Gay and Bisexual Men" (PDF). Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[UNAIDS2006-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2006). "Overview of the global AIDS epidemic". 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. ISBN 9291734799. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[Greener-6] Greener, R. (2002). "AIDS and macroeconomic impact". In S, Forsyth (ed.) (ed.). State of The Art: AIDS and Economics. IAEN. pp. 49–55. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); |editor= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[UNAIDS-7] Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. "AIDS epidemic update, 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publishyear= ignored (help)

[Palella-8] Palella, F. J. Jr, Delaney, K. M., Moorman, A. C., Loveless, M. O., Fuhrer, J., Satten, G. A., Aschman and D. J., Holmberg, S. D. (1998). "Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators". N. Engl. J. Med 338 (13): 853–860. doi:10.1056/NEJM199803263381301. ???????:9516219.

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